传统声景观的非物质文化遗产特征研究——以贵州侗族传统村落为例

CHARACTERISTICS OF INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF TRADITIONAL SOUNDSCAPE:Taking Traditional Dong Village in Guizhou as an Example

非物质文化遗产以人为载体,表达了特定人群精神文化、艺术审美等的“活”的文化形态,声音是保持其活态性的一个重要方面;声景观是由声音和空间两要素构成的抽象景观形态,兼有二者共同的文化与社会特征,是非物质与物质的对话。本文以非物质文化遗产作为传统声景观研究的切入点,通过探讨贵州侗族传统村落声景观的文化属性、活态属性和非物质属性等基本属性,依此作为判定传统声景观是否可归类于非物质文化遗产的标准与文化表现;通过对其历史传承价值、精神认知价值、审美艺术价值以及经济社会价值等核心价值分析,确定了传统声景观对于村落活态保护的文化与现实作用。传统声景观具有典型的非物质文化遗产特征,是人的活动空间和行为模式的结合,须将其纳入传统村落保护范畴,以真正实现传统村落空间与文化的整体性与活态性传承。

The intangible cultural heritage relies on human,expressing the"living"cultural form of the spiritual culture and artistic aesthetics of a particular group of people.Sound is an im portant aspect of maintaining the vividness of intangible culture heritage.Soundscape,an abstract landscape composed of sound and space,has both cultural and social characteristics,being the dia logues between the intangible and the tangible.In this paper,intangible cultural heritage is a cutin point to the research of traditional soundscape.Through discussing the cultural attributes,living attributes,and non-material attributes of traditional soundscape in Dong villages in Guizhou,it works to judge whether traditional soundscape can be classified within the criterions and cultural ex pressions of intangible cultural heritage.Through analyzing its core values such as historical inheri tance value,spiritual cognitive value,aesthetic and artistic value,and economic and social value,it works to define the cultural and practical functions of traditional soundscape on preserving the origi nality of villages.Traditional soundscape,which is the combination of human acting spaces and be havior modes,has typical characteristics of intangible cultural heritage.Thus,it should be included in the preservation of traditional villages in order to truly realize the integral preservation and living inheritance of spaces and cultures of traditional villages.