创造性问题解决中的联想能力及其作用

The Mechanism of Associative Abilities in Creative Problem Solving

长期以来,研究者一直认为联想能力与创造力之间存在着紧密的联系,但相关的实证研究并不能很好地支持这一论断,这可能是由于联想能力的界定不清所造成的。本研究梳理了以往研究中联想能力与创造力的关系,在此基础上辨析了联想能力测验所反映的实质,进一步提出了一个创造性问题解决中联想能力的作用模型:(1)联想能力主要作用于创造性问题解决中的重构阶段;(2)存在三种相对独立的联想能力,它们对空间类顿悟问题和言语类顿悟问题的影响不同;(3)联想内容中经验关系的联想能力与领域一般创造力关联最密切。

For a long time,researchers have always believed that there is a close relationship between the associative abilities and creativity,but relevant empirical studies do not support this assertion well.This may be due to the unclear definition of associative abilities.This review clarifies the relationship between ability of association and creativity in previous studies,and on the basis of which,it analyzes the essence reflected in the associative abilities tests and further proposes a mechanism model of association ability in creative problem solving:1)the associative abilities mainly plays a role in the restructuring stage of creative problem solving;2)there are three relatively independent associative abilities,which have different effects on the verbal insight problems and space insight problems;3)the associative ability tests which emphasize the empirical relationship among the association contents is most closely related to the general creativity.