种植模式对巴戟天生长的影响

Effect of Planting Pattern on the Growth of Morinda officinalis

为探讨种植模式对中药材巴戟天(Morinda officinalis)生长的影响,对两种种植模式下巴戟天生长性状进行了研究。结果表明,坡地连片种植基地(PLZ)的土壤有效矿质营养和有机质含量分别低于坡地围林种植基地(PWZ)的24%~28%和38%~43%,差异极显著(P <0.01)。PWZ种植3年的巴戟天茎、叶和肉质根形态指标均显著优于PLZ的(P <0.01);但随着栽培时间的延长,PLZ的巴戟天肉质根性状逐渐优于PWZ的,PLZ的6 a生巴戟天单株产量是PWZ的1.16~1.17倍;肉质根多糖、总黄酮和原花青素含量均显著高于PWZ的(P<0.01),且有效成分含量均随种植时间的延长呈上升趋势(P<0.01)。可见,巴戟天在PLZ模式下的肉质根质量好,入药更符合国家药典优品性状的要求。同时,建议合理增加肉桂围林种植基地的光照量,抑制藤苗生长,以提高巴戟天肉质根的产量和有效成分积累。

In order to understand the planting patterns on the growth of Morinda officinalis, its growth status was studied under two planting patterns in Gaoliang Town, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong. The results showed that the contents of available mineral nutrients and organic matter in soil of sloping land continguous planting base(PLZ) were lower than those of slope surrounded by forest planting base(PWZ) by 24%-28% and 38%-43%(P<0.01), respectively. The morphological indexes of stem, leaf and fleshy root of M. officinalis in PWZ were significantly better than those in PLZ(P < 0.01) after planting for 3 years. However, with the extension of cultivation time, the growth of fleshy roots in PLZ was better than that in PWZ. The yield of 6-year-old M. officinalis in PLZ was 1.16-1.17 times higher than that in PWZ. The contents of polysaccharides, total flavonoids and proanthocyanidins of M. officinalis in PLZ were significantly higher than those in PWZ(P <0.01), and the contents of effective components increased along the cultivation years. Therefore, it was suggested that the fleshy root quality of M. officinalis was good under PLZ pattern, which as medicine was more in line with the requirements of national pharmacopoeia. At the same time, the planting base surrounded by cinnamon forest should reasonably increase the illumination and inhibit rattan growth of M. officinalis, so as to increase the yield of fleshy roots and accumulation of effective ingredients.