进出之间——东西方艺术的视觉比较

Between in and out:A Comparative Study on Vision of Eastern and Western Art

中国当代艺术同时面对着东西方艺术两种传统。西方现代艺术的建立以透视法为标志,它结合了笛卡尔的哲学理论、基督教神学、几何学等内容,确立了文艺复兴时期艺术创作的基本方法。后来,这一视觉方式在西方被突破,主要体现在梅洛·庞蒂提出的"第三只眼"和沃尔海姆提出的"看进"上。而对于中国,本文通过庄子提出的"以管窥天",从三个方面-观看器官、观看工具和观看到的内容阐述其视觉方式,并进一步说明,中国传统艺术是在对象事物的表面看出其生机,继而将其转化为画面语言。通过比较,本文认为,东西方视觉都具有二重性,但展开的方式不同。而这恰好构成了东西方艺术进行对话、相互借鉴的基础。

Modern Chinese art has to face two traditions,Chinese and western art.Western modern art saw its foundation in perspective,which is a concerted outcome of Descartes philosophy,Christian theology and Geometrics.Perspective laid ground for artistic creation in Renaissance,and was broken through in later times,which can be seen in Merleau-Ponty’s third eye and Wollheim’s see-in.Chinese art is different.This paper tries to propose a way of seeing through Zhuangzi’s"to watch the sky with a pipe",which can be explained in three aspects,the watching organ,the watching instrument and the seen content.Based on this,this paper tries to make clear that in Chinese culture,the traditional way of seeing is to see the liveliness out of the appearance of objects,which is subsequently transformed into the artistic language in painting.Through this comparison,this paper makes clear that there is a two-fold vision in both Chinese and western art,but in opposite direction.This makes it possible for the two arts to communicate with,as well as learn from each other.