明清河南区域粮食种植结构商品化与集镇城镇化研究

On Grain Planting Structure Commercialization and Towns Urbanization in Henan Province during Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期河南地区的粮食种植结构在人地矛盾、市场需求以及货币税收制度改革的影响下发生了较大改变,以小麦为代表面向市场的商品性粮食作物大量种植。由此河南地区的粮食种植结构从唐代粟、麦、稻为主体,转变成明清时期的小麦、稻、豆等为主,高粱、玉米、粟等为补充的更加商品化的种植模式。在注重小麦等商品性粮食作物种植的推动下,明清时期河南地区以粮食交易和运输为重要业务的集镇经济迅速繁荣,在带动区域城镇化进程的同时又加速了粮食种植商品化的趋势。

Under the influence of the contradiction between people and land,market demand and the monetary and tax system reform,the grain planting structure in Henan province changed a lot during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Therefore,the grain planting structure in Henan changed from millet,wheat and rice in Tang Dynasty to a more commercialized planting mode with wheat,rice and beans as the main part and sorghum,corn and millet as the supplement in Ming and Qing Dynasties.Under the promotion of focusing on the cultivation of commodity grain crops such as wheat,the towns of Henan Province,whose main business was grain trading and transportation,and it market economy flourished rapidly in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,bringing the process of regional urbanization and accelerating the trend of grain cultivation commercialization at the same time.