基于WOFOST模型的苏南地区春小麦种植适应性分析

Adaptability of spring wheat planting in the south of Jiangsu based on WOFOST model

【目的】研究春小麦在苏南地区的种植适应性,为增加该地区周年粮食生产的稳定性提供理论依据。【方法】基于2016-2017年的田间分期播种试验和WOFOST作物生长模型(简称WOFOST模型),采用数值模拟方法,分析江苏南部代表地区南京地区1-4月不同播期春小麦的生长发育动态和产量表现。以1980-2010年气象数据驱动WOFOST模型,对春小麦产量进行动态模拟,分析最佳播期,并计算最佳播期的适宜播种量。【结果】在1-4月随着播期的推迟,春小麦的生育期长度缩短,其中出苗-开花期阶段最大缩短23 d,开花-成熟期最大缩短8 d,出苗-开花阶段缩短的时间大于开花-成熟阶段,导致春小麦叶片和茎秆的干物质积累量明显减少,产量降低。在冬小麦无法播种的条件下,南京地区春小麦的适宜播种时间为1月1-20日,在该时间段内播种,合理的播种量为180 kg/ha,最高产量为4124.80 kg/ha,生育期长度为146 d,对下季水稻种植和生长无影响。【结论】在苏南地区种植春小麦具有可行性,在冬前无法正常播种冬小麦的情况下,可将种植春小麦作为备选方案。

【Objective】The adaptability of spring wheat in southern Jiangsu was studied to provide reference for stability of crop production in this area.【Method】Based on the field staging experimental data from 2016 to 2017,the growth and development and yield of spring wheat in Nanjing during January and April,a representative area of southern Jiangsu Province,were analyzed through numerical simulation. The WOFOST crop growth model(herein after referred to as WOFOST model)was employed in the simulation. It was also driven by meteorological data from 1980 to 2010 for the analysis of optimum sowing date and sowing rate.【Result】The results showed that the growth period of spring wheat was shortened with the delay of sowing date from January to April,the maximum shortening time was 23 d from emergence to anthesis stage,and the maximum shortening time was 8 d from anthesis to maturity stage. The shortening of emergenceanthesis stage was greater than that of anthesis-maturity stage,which led to a reduction of dry matter accumulation in both leaves and stems as well as yield of spring wheat. If winter wheat could not be sown,the suitable sowing date of spring wheat in Nanjing was from January 1 to 20 and the reasonable seeding rate was 180 kg/ha,with the highest yield predicted to be 4124.80 kg/ha and growth period to be 146 d,which showed no evident impact on the rice planting of the next season.【Conclusion】The results indicate that it is feasible to plant spring wheat in the south of Jiangsu,which can be adopted as an alternative in case winter wheat is not sown before winter.