植物免疫受体病原体识别机制的结构生物学研究进展

Progress in Structural Basis for Pathogen Recognition Mechanism of Plant Immune Receptors

在与病原体的长期抗争中,植物进化出双重天然免疫系统,即病原体相关分子模式触发的免疫(PTI)和病原体效应因子触发的免疫(ETI),其中模式识别受体(PRR)和核苷酸结合富亮氨酸重复受体(NLR)分别在这两道防线中以多种方式发挥识别作用.以植物免疫受体和病原体配体结构生物学研究为基础,综述了5种由PRR和NLR介导的病原体识别机制的类型:PRR介导的直接(类型一)或间接(类型二)的病原体识别机制;NLR介导的直接(类型三)或间接(类型四)的病原体识别机制以及依赖NLR的集成结构域(ID)(类型五)的病原体识别机制.植物免疫受体的蛋白结构解析结合其识别机制的功能研究,将会为作物抗病工程开辟全新的道路.

During their long struggle against pathogens,plants have evolved a two-branched innate immune system consisting of pathogen-associated molecular patterns triggered immunity(PTI) and effectors-triggered immunity(ETI).In PTI and ETI,pattern recognition receptors(PRRs) and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors(NLRs) play distinct sensing roles respectively.Based on the structural studies of plant immune receptor and pathogen ligands,this article reviews five types of pathogen recognition mechanisms mediated by PRRs and NLRs:direct(type Ⅰ) and indirect(type Ⅱ) pathogen recognition mechanisms mediated by PRRs,direct(type Ⅲ) and indirect(type Ⅳ) pathogen recognition mechanisms mediated by NLRs,and pathogen recognition mechanism dependent on integrated domain(ID) of NLRs(type Ⅴ) . The analysis of the space structure of plant immune receptors combined with the functional study of their recognition mechanism will give rise to new strategies for development of disease-resistant crops.