中国农业环境规制强度和生产技术进步

The Intensity of Agricultural Environmental Regulation and Technological Progress of Production in China

中国农业污染排放严重,研究中国政府采取环境规制政策能否实现促进农业生产技术进步和环境保护的"双赢",具有重要意义。本文利用2011-2017年全国各省农业数据,采用超效率DEA模型测算中国农业部门的全要素生产率、技术效率和生产技术进步水平以及采用固定效应回归模型、系统GMM方法,测算当期和滞后一期的环境规制对农业生产技术进步水平的作用影响。研究表明:(1)我国农业全要素生产率主要源自于生产技术水平进步的提升且各地区的农业生产技术进步水平仍在持续较快地增长;(2)命令型环境规制工具对即期农业技术进步起促进作用,滞后一期的命令型、激励性和自愿性环境规制均对农业生产技术产生正向影响,且统计意义上显著。因此,中国政府在推进环境规制政策的进程中,一方面要加大环境规制力度,另一方面要重视环境规制的方式和落实。

Agricultural pollution discharge is serious in China. It is of great significance to study whether the environmental regulation policy adopted by the Chinese government can achieve "winwin"in promoting technological progress in agricultural production and environmental protection.Based on the agricultural data of all provinces in China from 2011 to 2017, this paper uses the superefficiency DEA model to measure the total factor productivity, technological efficiency and technological progress of China ’s agricultural sector, and uses the fixed-effect regression model and the system GMM method to measure the current and lagging environmental regulation on the technological progress of agricultural production. The results are as follows:(1) China ’s total factor productivity of agriculture mainly comes from the improvement of production technology level and the level of agricultural production technology progress in various regions is still growing rapidly;(2) commandbased environmental regulation tools play a promoting role in the immediate progress of agricultural technology, lagging behind one-stage command-based, incentive-based and voluntary-based environmental regulation has a positive impact on agricultural production technology, and it is significant in statistical sense. Therefore, in the process of promoting environmental regulation policy, the Chinese government should, on the one hand, strengthen environmental regulation, on the other hand, pay attention to the way and implementation of environmental regulation.