社会转型视角下中国协商民主的生成与发展--基于马克思人类社会发展“三阶段”理论的考察

The Generation and Development of Deliberative Democracy in China’s Social Transition:A Perspective from Marx’s Theory of Human Development

依据马克思关于人类社会发展"三阶段"的理论,社会主义市场经济的出现与发展带来了当代中国社会的全面转型。国家与社会的结构关系由"直接统一"向"二元分离"转变,同时又向着"辩证统一"积极迈进。这一特殊结构决定了中国协商民主的生成逻辑--由政治协商向社会协商拓展并最终上升为社会主义协商民主制度体系;与此相应,进一步推动社会主义协商民主广泛、多层、制度化发展也应当以促进国家与社会的良性互动为内在目标。从这个角度而言,中国特色社会主义协商民主是对西方协商民主的真正超越,将会成为人类政治文明进步的新方向。

From the perspective of Marxist theory of human development, the emergence and development of the socialist market economy has given rise to a full-scale social transition of modern China. The structural relationship between"state"and"society"has transformed from"original unity"to"relative separation"and has been leaning to be"dialectical unity". It is the very particular social structure that determines the inherent logic of China’s deliberative democracy which is an extension from political consultation to social negotiation and finally upgraded to socialist deliberative democracy. Accordingly, the further development of socialist deliberative democracy should aim at promoting the interaction between"state"and"society". In this sense, the socialist deliberative democracy with Chinese characteristics is able to surpass western deliberative democracy and will become a new direction in the progress of human political civilization.