浮山话中“上”的语音像似性研究

A Study on the Phonetic Iconicity of“shang”in Fushan Dialect

浮山话中的“上”,从语音形式上看,主要有四种:[suo^42][sɑη^51][suo·][s?·],前两种([suo^42][sɑη^51])与后两种([suo·][sv·])表现为去声和轻声的对立,去声组对应句法上的前置位,轻声组对应句法上的后置位。去声组内部的[suo^42]和[sɑη^51]同为前置位“上”的读音,二者的差别为文白异读,白读音[uo 42]对应旧有的农业词汇义,文读音[sɑη^51]对应后起的非农业词汇义。轻声组内部的[suo·]和[s?·]同为后置位趋向动词“上”的读音,[suo·]处于有标记的否定结构中,[s?·]处于无标记的肯定结构中。无论在句法位置、语义特征上,还是在是否焦点上,浮山话中的“上”都在语音上有所反应,这遵循了语音像似性原则。

In Fushan dialect,the“shang”has four phonetic forms:[suo^42][sɑη^51][suo·][s?·].The[uo^42][ɑ^51]are removal sounds,the[suo·][s?·]are soft sounds.The two groups corresponds to the syntactic preposition;.The sound[suo^42]is often used in the oral language,which corresponds to the old agricultural vocabulary.The sound[sɑη^51]is often used in the literary language,it corresponds to the new non-agricultural vocabulary;The sound[suo·]is in the negative sentence;the sound[s?·]is in the positive sentense.There is a phonetic iconicity rule between the sounds of“shang”and the meanings syntactic prepositions.