外出农民工就业质量的变化趋势及特征分析——基于流动人口动态监测调查数据的研究

Analysis on the Recent Trend and Characteristics of Job Quality of Rural Migrant Workers:Based on China Migrants Dynamic Survey Data

通过构建就业质量评价指标体系,基于2010—2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,对外出农民工就业质量进行测度。研究发现,外出农民工就业质量指数从2010年的28.86上升至2016年的37.41,整体就业质量有所提升。从衡量就业质量的四个维度来看,2010年至2017年,外出农民工月平均收入水平实现较大幅度增长;周平均工作时间在波动中小幅下降,但仍高于《劳动法》规定的工作时间上限;城镇职工医疗保险参保率出现下降趋势,外出农民工社会保障的覆盖率、保障水平与城镇职工相比仍有较大差距;外出农民工劳动合同签订率仍然处于较低水平,尤其是无固定期限劳动合同签订率近年来出现下降趋势。通过进一步对不同地区(经济带)、不同雇佣身份、不同行业和不同职业外出农民工的就业质量进行比较分析,本文从政府、企业、工会和农民工个体四个不同视角出发,提出提升外出农民工就业质量的对策建议。

Based on survey data of migrants in 2010-2017 from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS),this article constructs the evaluation system of migrant workers’job quality.The results show that:the job quality indicator of migrant worker increases from 28.86 in 2010 to 37.41 in 2016.Migrant workers’job quality improves during this time.Based on the four-dimensional job quality indicators from 2010 to 2017,the wages of rural migrant workers represent a significant increase.Although the weekly working time has a slightly decrease in fluctuation,it is still higher than the upper limit of working hours according to Labor Contract Law.The medical insurance coverage rate of urban workers is decreasing while the coverage and level of social insurance of rural migrant workers are still far away from urban workers;the contract signing rate of migrant workers is still at a relatively low level,especially in the case of non-fixed labor contract rate,which has been decreasing in recent years.Through further comparison and analysis of the job quality of rural migrant workers in different areas(economic zones),different employment status,different industries and different careers,this article puts forward policy suggestions from government,enterprises,labor union,rural workers,the four dimensions on how to improve the job quality of rural migrant workers.