竖直平面内二维碰撞动量变化的实验研究

Experimen tresearch of momentum changes in two-dimensional collision in vertical plane

动态记录自由落体运动的小铁球与静止于斜面的滑块发生的二维完全非弹性碰撞过程,研究该体系在碰撞过程中的动量变化。通过实验测量结果证明了碰撞瞬间垂直于斜面方向的外力分力施加的冲量将引起该方向上的动量发生变化,而平行于斜面方向上的外力分力施加的冲量效果很小,则该方向上动量近似守恒。该研究内容有利于加深对二维碰撞动量守恒的理解,同时测量方法直接明了,测量结果呈现数字化,有助于分析和研究物体相互作用的动态过程。

The process of two-dimensional perfect inelastic collision,which took place between the free falling iron ball and the slider stopping at the slope,was recorded,and the momentum change of the system was studied in the collision.The experimental results show that the impulse caused by the external force's component perpendicular to the slope make the corresponding change of momentum,however,the impulse caused by the parallel component is so small that the momentum is approximately conserved in this direction.The results of this paper are beneficial to understand the conservation of momentum in two-dimensional collisions.Meanwhile,the measurement method is direct and clear,the measurement results are digitized which are helpful to analyze and study the dynamic collision process.