论阿来小说《云中记》中的家园意识

Alai's"Homeland Consciousness"in the Novel of Memoirs of Yunzhong Village

“家园意识”作为生态美学的范畴最早是由海德格尔提出的,“家园”不仅包括“物质家园”,即人生存的现实世界,还包括“精神家园”,即人的灵魂栖居地。随着现代化进程的不断加快,城市和乡村的发展也日新月异,现代社会人们的“无家可归”感也愈发强烈。这种失去家园的无根之感,一方面来自于自然环境的破坏和城市建筑的快速更迭,另一方面来自现代人类精神的焦虑和信仰的缺失。本文通过分析《云中记》中祭师阿巴的返乡,以及最后阿巴选择和云中村一起消失在滑坡中,对阿来通过“阿巴”想要重建精神家园的努力与坚守进行了探讨。尽管最后阿巴重建失败,但阿来还是以颂诗的方式书写了阿巴对精神家园的守望,使得最终的陨灭得到了升华,彰显了人类历经千难万险也要返回精神家园的文化母题。

As a category of ecological aesthetics,"homeland consciousness"was first proposed by Heidegger."Homeland"includes not only"material homeland",that is,the real world where people live,but also"spiritual homeland",that is,the place where people's soul lives.With the acceleration of modernization,cities and villages are developing and changing rapidly with each passing day,and people's sense of homelessness in the modern society is more and more intense.This rootless feeling of losing home comes from the destruction of natural environment and the rapid change of urban architecture on the one hand,and from the anxiety of modern human spirit and the lack of faith on the other hand.Through analyzing the return of the wizard in the novel Memoirs of Yunzhong Village,this paper discusses the authors'efforts and perseverance to rebuild his spiritual homeland.Although the wizard failed in the end,the author still depicted the wizard's longing for the spiritual home in the form of eulogy,which sublimated the final extinction and revealed the cultural motif that human beings should return to the spiritual home after going through all kinds of hardships.