创新扩散理论在出生缺陷预防宣教活动中的应用效果观察

Observation on the application effect of diversified diffusion theory in the education activities of birth defect prevention

目的研究创新扩散理论在出生缺陷预防宣教活动中的应用效果。方法从卫生行政管理机构,公立医院医务人员,社区服务中心新婚夫妇、孕妇,社区人群、高等院校大学生进行整群抽样,抽取汉族客家民系和汉族非客家民系群众各200例,按照数字表随机分组法分为观察组与对照组各200例。观察组采取创新扩散理论实施出生缺陷预防宣教,对照组采取常规缺陷预防宣教方法。对比两组研究对象的出生缺陷预防知识问卷调查、宣教效能面对面访谈情况。结果两组入组时的缺陷预防知识得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同人群经干预8周缺陷认知得分差异对比结果显示,与对照组相比,观察组中卫生行政管理机构、公立医院医务人员、社区人群及新婚夫妇/孕妇的缺陷疾病知识、筛查方法、规避方法等三方面的出生缺陷知识得分和总分较高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且满意度也高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组的出生缺陷重视率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但宣教收获认可率观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中观察组对干预方法的便捷性及人性化认可率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),专业性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论创新扩散理论在出生缺陷预防宣教中具有较好的实施效果,能够提升宣教效果及宣教满意度,但在不同特征人群中宣教效果存在较大差异。

Objective To study the application effect of diversified diffusion theory in the education activities of birth defects prevention.Methods According to the digital table,200 cases of Hakka and 200 cases non-Hakka families of Han nationality were selected by cluster sampling from health administration agencies,medical staff of public hospitals,newly married couples,pregnant women in community service centers,community population and college students.The observation group adopted diversified diffusion theory to carry out birth defect prevention education,while the control group adopted conventional defect prevention education methods.The questionnaire survey on birth defect prevention knowledge and face-to-face interview on the effectiveness of education were compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in the score of defect prevention knowledge between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05).After 8 weeks intervention,Compared with the control group,in the observation group,the birth defect knowledge and total scores of health administrative institutions,medical staff of public hospitals,community population and newlyweds,pregnant women were higher in terms of defect disease knowledge,screening methods and avoidance methods,andthe difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The satisfaction degree in the observation group was also higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the attention rate of birth defects between the two groups(P>0.05).However,the recognition rate of health education in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The convenience and humanization acceptance rate of intervention methods in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the difference in specialty was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion Diversified diffusion theory has a good effect in birth defect prevention propaganda.It can improve the effect and satisfaction of propaganda,but the effect of propaganda is wide different among different groups.