新课标背景下高考数学试题SOLO思维层次研究——以2019年高考数学全国卷为例

Research on SOLO Thinking Level of National Matriculation Mathematics Test under the Background of New Curriculum Standard--Taking 2019 Mathematics National Volume for Example

基于2017年版课程标准、SOLO分类理论制定以认知水平和知识内容为依据的试题思维层次划分标准,并用其分析2019年3套高考理科数学全国卷试题思维层次。研究发现:3套数学卷充分体现了新课标的要求,考查内容围绕数学内容主线,聚焦学生对重要数学概念、定理、方法、思想的理解和应用,强调基础性、综合性;3套卷在4大内容主线的考查比重从大到小依次为"几何与代数""函数""概率与统计""预备知识",比较重视对考生多点和关联结构思维层次的考查;全国卷Ⅰ、卷Ⅲ的低阶思维层次(单点、多点)试题比重较高,更关注多点结构以及数学运算类试题,注重考查学生对知识的概括能力,而卷Ⅱ中考查高阶思维层次的试题较多,关联结构成为考查重点,更关注学生的归纳、类比、推理能力。建议:高考数学试题适当增加选择性必修内容,提升对学生思维水平的考查;创设多样化的问题情境,适当增加关联结构层次试题,注重考查学生的抽象拓展思维能力;鼓励高中数学教师借助SOLO分类法设计导图式教学。

Based on curriculum standard(2017 edition)and SOLO taxonomy theory,this paper sets up the division standard of thinking level of test questions based on cognitive level and knowledge content,and uses it to analyze the thinking level of three sets of Mathematics test of national volume in 2019 National College Entrance Examination.It is found that these three papers which fully reflect the requirements of the new curriculum standard,revolve around the main line of mathematics content,focus on students’understanding and application of important mathematical concepts,theorems,methods and ideas,and emphasizebasis and comprehensiveness.From high to low,the proportion of the three sets of papers in the examination of the four main content lines"Geometry and Algebra""Function""Probability and Statistics""Preparatory Knowledge",and more attention is paid to the examination of students’multipoint and related structure thinking level.The proportion of low-level thinking(single point,multipoint)questions in national Volume I and Volume III is higher which emphasize the multipoint structure and mathematical operation questions,and focus on the students’generalization ability of knowledge.While the national Volume II pays more attention to the high-level thinking,focuses on the related structure,and more stresses students’induction,analogy and reasoning ability.It is suggested that the selective compulsory content should be appropriately added to the Mathematics proposition of college entrance examination,and the examination of students’thinking level should be improved;the diversified problem situations should be created,the related structure level questions should be properly added,and the students’abstract thinking ability should be emphasized;the senior high school mathematics teachers should be encouraged to design the guiding schema teaching with the help of SOLO taxonomy theory.