地域建设与军阀政治:龙云抗战前在云南的改革

Regional Construction and Warlord Politics:A Case Study of the Reform by Long Yun before the Anti-Japanese War

南京国民政府成立后,一直试图消灭各地方实力派以达成中国的实质统一;而各地方实力派也抓紧内部建设,以求增强实力与中央政府长期周旋。从1929年至1937年全面抗战爆发,龙云在云南进行了一系列的改革和建设,使云南的政治、经济和文化等方面有了明显的进步,统治集团内部的凝聚力也有所加强。龙云以此为基础与南京政府周旋,在周边各地方实力派大多被翦灭的情况下,维持了其在云南长达十八年的统治,反映出地域建设对军阀集团生存的重要性。但是,龙云主导的地域建设是在当时中国内有军阀割据、外有强敌环伺的形势下展开的,带有浓厚的军事色彩,是那个时代地域建设难以避免的局限。

Upon its founding in Nanjing,the National Government of the Republic of China was trying to eliminate the substantial forces of all localities to achieve the unity of China while the local authorities were strengthening their internal construction in order to enhance their strength and to deal with the central government for a long time.From 1929 to 1937,Long Yun carried out his reform and construction in Yunnan and made remarkable progress in politics,economy and culture,and strengthened the cohesion within the ruling body.On this basis,Long Yun dealt with the national government and maintained his ruling in Yunnan for 18 years when most other local powers in the surrounding areas were destroyed,which revealed the importance of regional construction to the survival and development of the warlord groups.However,the regional construction led by Long Yun was carried out at the time when China was divided by warlords and surrounded by powerful enemies,so it had a strong military characteristics.But this is key to survival under that environment,which is the inevitable limitations of regional construction in that era.