我国民事诉讼证据失权制度探析

Research on the Evidence Invalidity Institution of Civil Procedure in China

我国民事诉讼证据失权制度发展至今,经历了由证据随时提出主义到证据适时提出主义,再由法定证据失权模式到酌定证据失权模式的转变。在这个过程中,立法者不断探索和研究,试图建立一个在我国司法环境下能够良性运行的证据失权制度。2012年《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》对证据失权制度的修改体现了立法者旨在缓和实体公正与程序公正、诉讼公正与诉讼效率之间矛盾冲突的价值考量。但是,立法规定不完善、配套制度不健全、法官释明权的行使缺乏实际指导性等问题使得现行证据失权制度在司法实践中的运行效果不佳。须通过完善立法规定、健全配套制度、强化法官释明义务解决制度运行存在的问题,以期证据失权制度能够在我国真正发挥其功效。

As the development of the evidence invalidity institution of civil procedure in China,it has experienced the transformation from submitting evidences at any time to submitting evidences at certain time,and the transition from strict evidence invalidity pattern into discretionary evidence invalidity pattern.During the process,legislators keep exploring and studying,aiming to establish an evidence invalidity institution which can operate healthily in the judicial environment of China.The Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China issued in 2012 modified the evidence invalidity institution,which reflect the legislators’value consideration about trying to ease conflicts between the entity justice and procedural justice,procedure fairness and procedure efficiency.But there are many problems such as incomplete legal provisions,unsound supporting system and defective judge interpretation making the operation effect of the current evidence invalidity institution is not good in the process of judicial application.In order to solve the above-mentioned problems pointedly,some measures including perfecting the?legislation,completing the supporting system and strengthening the judge’s responsibility of interpretation should be taken,so that the evidence invalidity institution can come into play in China.