Association between sub-clinical hypothyroidism and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

With the acceleration of aging across the globe,it is expected that heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)may become more prevalent in the next 10 years worldwide.Thyroid hormones have been proven to influence physiologic functions of the cardiovascular system in various ways.Approximately 22%of patients with HFpEF had been demonstrated to have thyroid dysfunction.111 Clinical studies have confirmed that patients with sub-clinical hypothyroidism(SCH)had a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases perhaps due to increased low-density lipoprotein,elevated homocysteine(Hey),and hyper-coagulative blood.121 Interestingly.