中国老年人体质对日常生活活动能力的影响

Impact of physical fitness on activities of daily life among the Chinese elderly

目的了解中国老年人日常生活活动能力的受损情况,并探究身体素质与ADL之间的关系。方法数据来源为2015年中国健康与养老全国追踪调查(CHARLS),采用χ2检验比较不同特征老年人日常生活活动能力受损率的差异,采用二分类logistic回归模型探讨身体素质与日常生活活动能力之间的关系。结果297例(6.6%)老年人存在基本日常生活活动能力受损的情况,1167例(26.0%)老年人存在工具性日常生活活动能力受损的情况。BMI、肌肉力量、平衡能力和活动能力都与老年人日常生活活动能力存在密切关系,而血压对日常生活活动能力的影响不显著。结论身体素质与老年人日常生活活动能力的受损情况存在相关关系,BMI值过高或过低、肌肉力量较差、平衡能力和活动能力不佳的老年人发生日常生活活动能力受损的可能性高于身体素质较好的老年人。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of impairment on daily life and to determine the correlation between physical fitness and activities of daily life among the Chinese elderly.Methods Data were extracted from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study database.Chi-square tests were performed to explore the prevalence of impairment of activities of daily life among the elderly with different characteristics.Binary logistic regression method was used to identify the relationship between physical fitness and activities of daily life.Results The overall prevalence on the impairment of basic activities in daily life was 6.6%(297/4355)and the prevalence of impairment of instrumental activities on daily life was 26.0%(1167/4485),among the Chinese elderly.Factors as BMI,muscle strength,ability of balance and the ability of activities were all closely related to activities of daily living,but differences between blood pressure and ADL presented no statistical significance.Conclusion Physical fitness could affect the activities of daily life at different levels.Elderly with higher or lower BMI,poorer muscle strength,ability on balance and activities were at a greater possibility to suffer from the impairment of ADL.