陕西省食用菌中重金属含量及分布规律研究

Investigation on Heavy Metal Contamination and Distribution of Edible Fungi in Shaanxi Province

为了解陕西省食用菌中重金属的污染状况并评价其污染程度,根据2013年陕西省污染物监测计划对235份食用菌中的重金属进行测定,对检测结果进行统计分析,评价其污染程度,评估陕西居民经食用菌类所致的重金属暴露量。食用菌中镉、汞、铅和砷的平均含量分别为0.0633、0.0189、0.0571和0.0692 mg·kg-1。以平均含量进行评价,单因子污染指数较高的分别是鲜蘑菇中汞0.23、干蘑菇中镉0.36和砷0.35,此三者均属于轻度污染水平,其余均为正常背景水平;以高值P90(表示90%的样品含量低于该值)进行评价,干蘑菇中镉的单因子污染指数为1.12,表明部分干蘑菇存在镉污染,且其综合污染指数亦>0.7,为警戒线水平;结合联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织下的食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)推荐的各重金属耐受量,计算得出食用菌中重金属的安全消费量,此值较高,食用安全性良好。整体而言,陕西省食用菌中的重金属污染情况较轻,居民通过食用菌类所致重金属的暴露量在安全范围内,少数食用菌样品重金属含量较高,主要可能与其种植环境有关。

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the pollution characteristics of heavy metal in edible fungi, and to assess the health risk of the contamination on local inhabitants. According to Shaanxi Province surveillance plan in 2013, 235 samples were collected and analysed for heavy metal contents. The safety of heavy metal intakes were evaluated by using the total daily intake(TDI) recommended by World Health Organization(WHO). The average contents of Cd, Hg, Pb and As of the edible fungi samples were 0.0633, 0.0189, 0.0571 and 0.0692 mg·kg-1, respectively. The values of Pi(single heavy metal pollution index) of Hg in fresh mushroom, Cd and As in dry mushroom were 0.23, 0.36 and 0.35, respectively, using the mean value of the heavy metal contents. It is indicated that the contents of Hg, Cd and As in edible fungi reached the criteria of light pollution, while the others were of normal background value. The Piof Cd in dry mushroom was 1.12, when using the P90(means that 90% of the sample content is lower than this value) value of the heavy metal contents, which means it reached the criteria of heavy pollution. And the value of comprehensive pollution index was greater than 0.7, which reached alarming level.Generally, it’s safe to consume edible fungi in Shaanxi area, posing little risk to human health induced by heavy metals. However, the heavy metal content of a few edible fungi samples is higher than normal level, which is mainly related to the planting environment.