基于微博大数据的游客情感时空变化特征——以杭州西溪国家湿地公园为例

Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Tourists Emotions Based on Big Data of Microblog——A Case Study of Xixi National Wetland Park in Hangzhou

大数据的类型和数量日益丰富,它们经过处理和分析可以反馈人的行为、识别人的情感.以杭州西溪国家湿地公园为研究对象,利用应用程序编程接口(application programming interface,API)获取2018年游客在该公园中所发表的微博,经过筛选、情感值计算,结合词频分析、ArcGIS技术和统计学方法研究游客情感的时空变化特征,为公园规划设计提供理论依据.研究结果表明:时间上,游客的积极情绪出现在3月、11月、清明节、端午节和国庆节,而雨雪、高温及其他极端天气会降低情感值;空间上,积极情绪占主导的区域为公园入口附近、活动举办地点、历史文化景点、特色建筑和沿岸区域.公园在规划设计时应注重民俗文化挖掘、特色建筑设计、亲水空间规划及驱蚊和遮荫植物的配植;在管理上应选择节假日和温度适宜、天气状况好的时期举办活动,以提升游客的情感体验.

As the types and quantities of big data are becoming increasingly abundant,they can reflect people s behaviors and identify their emotions through processing and analysis.In order to provide theoretical support to the planning and design of parks,this study,with Xixi National Wetland Park in Hangzhou as the research object and using the Application Programming Interface to get visitors microblogs about the park in 2018,explored the spatial and temporal variations of visitors emotions through filtering,emotional value calculation,word frequency analysis,ArcGIS and statistical methods.The results showed that temporally,tourists positive emotions appeared in March,November,and on Tomb-sweeping Day,Dragon Boat Festival and National Day,while rain,snow,high temperature and other extreme weather would reduce emotional values.Spatially,the areas dominated by positive emotions were around the entrance of the park,the places where activities are held,scenic spots with distinctive historical and cultural features,characteristic buildings and waterfront areas.Therefore,in the planning and design of a park,attention should be focused on the development of folk culture,the design of characteristic buildings,the planning of hydrophilic spaces,and the arrangement of plants that can repel mosquitoes and offer shade.In terms of management,more activities should be held during holidays and under good weather conditions to enhance the emotional experience of tourists.