壳聚糖及其衍生物在硫化矿浮选分离中的研究进展

Research Progress of Chitosan and Its Derivatives in Sulphide Ore Flotation Separation

浮选是硫化矿物分离最常用的方法,抑制剂对浮选分离效果具有决定性的作用。壳聚糖作为一种高效环保的新型抑制剂,国内外学者对其在浮选中的应用进行了大量研究,针对这些研究,梳理了壳聚糖及其衍生物在硫化矿分离方面的应用,总结了壳聚糖及其衍生物在矿物浮选时的作用机理,指出矿物的化学性质、壳聚糖及其衍生物分子结构上基团以及溶液pH的不同,其作用效果和作用机理也不尽相同。壳聚糖对金属硫化矿的抑制主要通过形成M-NHn基团使抑制剂吸附在矿物表面使其亲水,而对石英、蛇纹石等硅酸盐矿物则是通过分子间作用力物理吸附在矿物表面。壳聚糖改性生成的衍生物种类众多,在未来硫化矿的浮选分离研究中发展前景广阔,大部分金属能够与其进行络合作用,在金属硫化矿的浮选分离方面具有很好的研究空间。

Flotation is the most common used method of mineral separation,and the depressant plays a decisive role in it. As a new-type,high-efficiency and environment-friendly depressant,chitosan has been widely studied by the scholars at home and abroad on its application in mineral flotation. In view of these studies,reviewed the application of chitosan and its derivatives in sulfide ore separation and summarized the mechanism of them. It is pointed out that the effect and depression mechanism of chitosan and its derivatives varies from each other,due to the differences in chemical properties of minerals,groups in the molecular structure of chitosan and its derivatives,as well as the pH of the solution. Chitosan depresses metal sulfide mainly through the formation of M-NHn groups which make the chitosan adsorb onto the surface of the mineral and further make the surface hydrophobic,while the absorption of chitosan on quartz,serpentine and other silicate minerals surface mainly via physical absorption namely intermolecular force.There are many kinds of derivatives generated by the modification of chitosan, which have a broad development prospect in the research of flotation and separation of sulfide ore in the future.Most of the metals can complex with them, which has a good research space in flotation separation of metallic sulfide ore.