硫化矿尾矿的综合利用及污染治理研究进展

Research Progress on Comprehensive Utilization and Pollution Treatment of Sulfide Ore Tailings

硫化矿尾矿的大量堆积,造成了环境的污染和资源的浪费,也对尾矿库周边的居民生命和财产安全造成威胁。概述了硫化矿尾矿有价组分的回收利用技术现状,介绍了硫化矿尾矿用作肥料生产原料、井下充填材料,以及水泥、砖、微晶玻璃、陶瓷等建筑材料的综合利用方法和途径;从硫化矿尾矿中重金属离子释放机理出发,介绍了中和法、杀菌剂法、隔离法和钝化包膜法等几种硫化矿尾矿库内源头控制方法及研究现状;概述了尾矿库复垦技术现状,以及硫化物沉淀法、湿地处理法、材料吸附法等几种矿山废水治理方法及其研究现状。同时针对硫化矿尾矿的综合利用和污染治理现状,分析了硫化矿尾矿存在综合利用率较低和高附加值产品少等问题,并从尾矿在制备高附加值和多功能材料、建设少尾矿甚至无尾矿矿山、实现资源和环境协同发展等方面进行了展望。

The massive accumulation of sulfide ore tailings has leaded to environmental pollution and waste of resources,and also threatened to the safety of human life and property. The current situations of the recovery and utilization technology of valuable components in the sulfide ore tailings were summarized in this paper. Also the comprehensive utilization methods of the sulfide ore tailings as fertilizer production raw materials,underground filling materials,cement,brick,microcrystalline glass,ceramics and other building materials were introduced in detail. Based on the releasing mechanism of heavy metal ions from the tailings of sulphide ores,the present situations of pollution control of sulfide ore tailings were illustrated from the aspects of source control such as neutralization method,bactericide method,isolation method and passivation coating method.Besides,the research status of thetailings pond reclamation technology and mine wastewater treatment methods including sulfide precipitation,wetland treatment and material adsorption methods were outlined. At the same time,according to the current situation of comprehensive utilization and pollution control of sulfide ore tailings,the problems of low comprehensive utilization rate of tailings and less high value-added products were analyzed.The development of high value-added and multi-functional materials for tailing preparation in the future,the prospect of construction of less tailings or even no tailings mine and the coordinated development of resources and environment were put forward.