流动人口随迁子女义务教育阶段就学政策研究——基于18个城市政策文本的分析

A Study of the School Attendance Policy of Children Who Migrate with Their Parents at the Stage of Compulsory Education——An Analysis Based on the Policy Texts of 18 Cities

流动人口随迁子女义务教育阶段就学问题是实现教育公平的重要一环。对当前我国流动人口随迁子女义务教育阶段就学政策进行分析可见:在政策目标设置上,重视教育公平和质量,强调流动人口权益保障;在政策工具使用上,以强制性政策工具为主,自愿性、混合型政策工具为辅,政策工具使用的灵活度呈现出东、中、西部递减的地域差异;在政策实践方面,随迁子女接受义务教育的三种基本准入模式为材料准入制、积分制和政策照顾制,其执行模式包括统一执行和自主执行两种;在具体政策执行中,主要有基本保障型、发展型和综合型三种政策偏好。现阶段随迁子女义务教育阶段就学政策存在证明材料种类多、申请程序复杂以及积分入学指标体系有待完善等问题。未来我国随迁子女义务教育阶段就学政策的执行将朝着办理材料不断简化、办理流程不断优化、人才优惠力度不断加大的方向发展。

The issue of school attendance for children who migrate with their parents at the stage of compulsory education is an important part of achieving fair education.An analysis of the current compulsory education policies about attendance for children who migrate with their parents in China shows that:in the policy goals setting,the policies attach importance to education equity and quality,and emphasize the protection of migrants’rights;in the use of policy tools,mandatory policy tools are mainly used while voluntary and mixed policy tools are supplemented,and the flexibility of the use of policy tools shows decreasing regional differences in east,middle and west;in terms of policy practice,the three basic entry modes for children who migrate with their parents at the stage of compulsory education are the material access system,the points system and the policy care system,and their execution modes include unified execution and decentralized execution;in specific policy implementation,there are mainly three policy preferences of the basic guarantee type,the development type and the comprehensive type.At present,there are problems such as the variety of supporting materials,complicated application procedures,and the need to improve the point enrollment index system.In the future,the implementation of the school attendance policy for children who migrate with their parents at the stage of compulsory education will continue to simplify the process of materials,continue to optimize the process of processing,and increase the strength of talent incentives.