热应激对公畜繁殖性能影响及缓解措施的研究进展

Research progress on the effect of heat stress on male reproductive performance and its mitigation measures

热应激对动物机体的损伤极其严重,夏季高温高湿环境会造成公畜繁殖性能下降,公畜内分泌调控发生紊乱,睾酮(T)分泌水平下降,使公畜性欲降低,爬跨次数减少,精子密度、精子活力、射精量降低,精子畸形率上升,严重的持续性热应激还会造成精子细胞DNA损伤,不仅降低了精液质量和受胎率,而且也降低了公畜种质资源利用率。文章综述了热应激蛋白对精子的调控机制以及热应激对公畜繁殖性能的影响及缓解措施,旨在为实际生产中缓解热应激对公畜繁殖性能的损伤、提高精液品质提供一定的理论参考。

The animal organism damage caused by heat stress is extremely serious.The high temperature and high humidity environment in summer will cause the decrease of reproductive function,disorder of endocrine regulation,decrease of testosterone(T)secretion,decrease of sexual desire,decrease of crawling times,sperm density,sperm motility,ejaculation volume and increase of sperm deformity rate of male animal.Serious persistent heat stress will also cause DNA damage of sperm cells,which not only reduces semen quality and conception rate,but also reduces the utilization rate of male animal germline resources.In this paper,the regulation mechanism of heat stress protein on spermatozoa and the effect of heat stress on reproductive performance of male animals and its mitigation measures were reviewed in order to provide some theoretical reference for alleviating the damage of heat stress on reproductive performance of male animals and improving semen quality in practical production.