纳米酶:疾病治疗新选择

Nanozymes: a new choice for disease treatment

纳米酶是一类具有类酶活性的纳米材料,自2007年中国科学家首次发现Fe3O4纳米颗粒具有内在类过氧化物酶活性后,纳米酶研究领域逐渐发展起来.截至目前,已有540种不同组成、结构的纳米材料被发现具有类酶活性.相比天然酶,纳米酶结构更加稳定,制备和保存工艺更加经济,功能更加多样化,并且具有可调节的催化活性.它们已被广泛应用于分子检测、疾病诊断、环境治理等领域.除此之外,近年来纳米酶被发现对生物体中的活性氧簇(reactive oxygen species, ROS)具有调节作用,随之纳米酶在活性氧相关疾病治疗中的研究也逐渐深入.本文主要就纳米酶在疾病治疗中的最新研究进展进行了综述,并对本领域的未来发展方向进行了讨论和展望.

Nanozymes are a kind of nanomaterials with enzyme-like activities. Since Chinese scientists first found that Fe3O4 nanoparticles have intrinsic peroxidase-like activity in 2007, the researches of nanozymes have been gradually developed. So far, 540 kinds of nanomaterials with different composition and structure have been found to possess enzyme-like activities. Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes are more stable, more economical, and have diverse and adjustable functions. By now, nanozymes have been widely used in molecular detection, disease diagnosis, environmental management and other fields related to catalysis. Recently, a variety of nanozymes were found to be capable of regulating reactive oxygen species(ROS) in organisms, which indicates its potential as prooxidants/antioxidants in the field of ROS-related disease treatment. In this review, we summarized the latest research progress of nanozymes in the treatment of diseases. The challenges for the future development of nanozymes in biomedicine were discussed for inspiring researchers to carry out further in-depth studies.