云南省A级旅游景区空间演化特征及其驱动机制

Spatial Evolution Characteristics and Driving Mechanism of A-class Tourist Attractions in Yunnan Province,China

探究A级旅游景区的空间演化特征及其驱动机制,对促进区域旅游健康发展具有重要意义。本研究以云南省为研究案例,综合运用最邻近指数、核密度分析、趋势分析和地理探测器等方法,对其A级旅游景区的空间分布类型、分布密度、分异趋势及驱动机制进行探讨。研究表明:(1)云南省A级旅游景区发展具有明显的阶段性特征,景区在空间上呈典型的集聚型分布,其集聚程度随时间的变化不断增强;(2)景区分布密度总体提升,空间分布特征最终呈现“核心—边缘”式空间结构,空间组织形态表现出沿区域行政中心及交通干线的趋向性,景区分布的方向性差异较为明显;(3)景区在东西方向的分异趋势显著,南北方向的空间异质性相对不明显,其增速表现出明显的空间指向性特征,滇中、滇南及滇东地区的市州为A级旅游景区发展优势区;(4)景区空间组织结构变化受自然要素、人文要素、资源禀赋和政策调控的综合驱动,旅游资源属性的差异决定了不同类别景区在自然要素影响下表现出相异的分布特征,不同等级景区受人文要素、资源禀赋及政策调控的作用强度有所不同。本研究可为优化云南省旅游景区空间结构、促进旅游景区可持续发展、提升旅游景区发展的品牌效应提供参考。

Exploring the spatial evolution characteristics and driving mechanism of A-class tourist attractions is of great significance for promoting the healthy development of a regional tourism.In this research,tourism attractions in Yunnan Province,China were aimed as a research case at performing a comprehensive investigation on tourism feature of A-class tourism attraction,such as spatial distribution type,distribution density,differentiation trend,and driving mechanism,by joint methods like nearest-neighbor index,kernel density analysis,trend analysis,and geographic detectors and so on.This study finds that:(1)A-class tourist attractions in Yunnan Province had obvious characteristics of growth stages,characterized by a typical clustering distribution in space,and their concentration was increasing with time.(2)The overall distribution density of scenic spots had increased,ultimately forming a core-edge spatial structure.The spatial organization of scenic spots evolved along the regional administrative centers and traffic trunk lines,with obvious directional differences in scenic spot distribution.(3)The feature of differentiation between tourist attractions was obvious in the east-west direction,but the spatial heterogeneity was relatively insignificant in the north-south direction,and the growth rate of tourism described noticeable spatial directional characteristics.Cities and prefectures located at central Yunnan,southern Yunnan and eastern Yunnan were the dominant sites for the development of A-class tourist attractions.(4)The changes in the spatial organization structure of tourist attractions were governed by a combination of natural factors,human factors,resource endowments and policy control.The difference in tourism resources attributes determined that different types of tourist attractions exposed different distribution characteristics under the influence of natural factors.Different levels of tourist attractions were subject to various effects of human factors,resource endowment and policy regulation.This study can provide reference for optimizing the spatial structure of tourist attractions in Yunnan Province,promoting the sustainable development of tourist attractions and enhancing the brand effect of tourist attractions.