百年来日本中学历史教科书对侵略动机的书写

Writing on Motivation of Aggression in the History Textbooks of Japanese Middle School Since 1894

不同时期日本中学历史教科书的战争叙事,分别基于某种解释而选择了不同的叙事内容,进而赋予意义加以书写和叙述。“教科书文本”只不过是对已发生之事的种种“解释”,而不是客观的“知识”,其中既有揭示,也有掩盖。百年来,以1945年日本投降后盟军占领日本时期为分界,在不同的权力制约下,日本中学历史教科书对战争叙事尤其是侵略动机进行了重新书写,其叙事内涵与逻辑也存在不同程度的延续或终结。日本战前及战时的历史教科书更多是作为官方知识的载体,对统治者的合法性进行“自圆其说”。而盟军占领日本后,在美军的深度控制下,日本历史教育发生了几近颠覆性的转变,这一转变决定了战后日本中学历史教科书叙事的主要特征。

The war narratives in the history textbooks of Japanese middle schools during different periods has chosen different contents to narrate and write based on certain interpretations.The“textbook text”is nothing more than an“explanation”of what has happened instead of the objective“knowledge”,which has contained both something of revealing and concealing.For a century,taking the occupation period of Japan by the Allied forces after the Japanese surrender in 1945 as the cut-off point,with restrictions of different powers,the history textbooks of Japanese middle schools have rewritten the content of war narratives,especially the motivation of aggression,and there are some continuation or termination of different degree in its narrative connotation as well as the logic.The pre-war and wartime Japanese history textbooks are more of a carrier of the official knowledge to“justify”the legitimacy of rulers.While after the occupation of Japan by the Allied forces,and with the control of the U.S.army,subversive changes took place in the Japanese history education,which determined the main features of narrative in the post-war history textbooks of Japanese middle schools.