班固赋家身份建构思想的得失评议

Contribution and Limitation:Historical Research on BAN Gu’s Thought of Fu Rhapsodic Essay Authorship Construction

赋家作为文学书写主体的身份最早在汉代开始得到建构,身为赋家、历史家的班固是汉代建构赋家身份的重要代表人物之一,他对赋家身份历史生成路径的描述,对赋家生成的历史原因的总结,对赋家身份性质的言说,都极为深远地影响了后之赋学研究。这种影响直到今天依然巨大,学者并且常常以班固的赋家身份论为研究赋体起源、赋之所指、赋之功能的根本依据,将之视为关于赋的符合历史实相、也具足理论逻辑的权威言述。可以说,后之赋学多以班固的赋家身份理论为自己的学术支点。学界对班固相关理论的采信,没有建立在对班固言论先行的学术审理基础之上,其采信是令人生疑的。审理班固建构赋家身份相关言论,虽然在赋家身份建构史上有其重要的历史意义,但其相关言论在历史和理论之双重逻辑上都存着在难以自圆其说的地方,后世赋学研究对班固言论的使用应注意到这些方面,否则,对赋家身份的学术研究,甚至对赋学许多重大问题的研究,将会因为盲目地全盘采信班固之言论而导致误判。

The identity of Fu Jia as the subject of literary writing was first constructed in Han Dynasty.As a Fu Jia and historian,Ban Gu was one of the most important representatives of the construction of the identity of Fu Jia in Han Dynasty.His theory which described the historical generation path,summarized the historical reasons and spoke on the essence of Fu Jia’s identity,has profoundly influenced the later research of Fu,and this influence is still huge today.Scholars often take Ban Gu’s identity theory of Fu Jia as the fundamental basis for studying the origin,the contents and the value of Fu.They usually regard it as authoritative statement for its accordance with historical truth and theoretical logic.It can be said that most studies afterwards usually take Ban Gu’s identity theory of Fu Jia as their academic fulcrum.In fact,the academia regard Ban Gu’s relevant theories as a self-evident truth without prior doubt and criticism,therefore their theories are questionable.For rethinking Ban Gu’s identity-relevant speech,although it has important historical significance in the history of the identity construction of Fu Jia,it is difficult to be self-explanatory in the dual logic of history and theory,so later studies of Fu should pay great attention to the use of Ban Gu’s speech.Otherwise,the academic research of Fu Jia’s identity,even many major issues in Fu studies,will lead to misjudgment due to blindly and comprehensively accepting of Ban Gu’s remarks.