中国城区0~6岁儿童家庭内意外伤害环境量表的研制与性能测试

Development and performance test of the environment scale of unintentional injury in the home for children aged 0-6 years old in urban area of China

目的研制我国城区0~6岁儿童的家庭内意外伤害环境量表,并对其进行性能测试。方法经查阅文献、咨询专家和预调查等确定量表相关内容后,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法在长沙市城区抽取1104名0~6岁儿童,问卷收集儿童基本信息、发生意外伤害和家庭环境情况等内容。采用Cronbach′sα和分半系数评价量表信度;分别采用Pearson相关分析、因子分析法评价量表的内容效度、结构效度;根据是否发生家庭内意外伤害将儿童分为两组,采用t检验分析量表的区分效度。结果量表共包含6维度54条目;共回收有效问卷1074份,男童554名(51.6%);<3岁儿童519名(48.3%);意外伤害的发生率为18.34%(197名),家庭内意外伤害发生率为10.71%(115名)。总量表的Cronbach′sα系数为0.87,分半系数为0.82,达到信度0.70以上的标准。量表各维度和总量表之间的Pearson相关系数为0.53~0.84之间,P均<0.001。总量表的公因子累积方差贡献率为58.34%,54个条目的因子载荷均>0.30;量表的近似误差均方根、比较拟合指数和拟合优度指数分别为0.07、0.61和0.71。家庭内意外伤害发生组与未发生组的量表总分差异有统计学意义(P=0.022)。结论所研制的中国城区0~6岁儿童家庭内意外伤害环境量表信、效度均较好。

Objective To develop the environment scale of unintentional injury in the home for children aged 0-6 years living in urban area of China,and test its validity and reliability.Methods The content of the environment scale was established through the literature review,expert consultation and pilot study.A total of 1104 children aged 0-6 years in urban area of Changsha were enrolled in this study by using a multi?stage stratified cluster random sampling method.The questionnaire was used to collect the basic information of children,the incidence of unintentional injury and the status of home environment.The reliability of the scale was tested by using Cronbach′sαcoefficient and split?half reliability coefficient.The content validity and construct validity were tested by using Pearson correlation analysis and factor analysis.All children were divided into two groups according to the incidence of unintentional injury in the home and the discrimination validity of the scale was tested by using t?test.Results The scale had 54 items in 6 dimensions.The number of eligible questionnaires was 1074,including 554(51.6%)from boys and 519(48.3%)from children under 3 years old.The incidence rate of unintentional injury and in?home injury was 18.34%(197 children)and 10.71%(115 children).The internal consistency reliability(Cronbach′sα)coefficient for the scale was 0.87 and the split?efficacy reliability coefficient was 0.82,both meeting the standard of reliability above 0.70.The Pearson correlation coefficient between each dimension and the whole scale ranged from 0.53 to 0.84(all P values<0.001).The common factor cumulative variance contribution rate of the scale was 58.34%.There were 54 items with factor loadings greater than 0.30.The root mean square error of approximation,comparative fit index and goodness?of?fit index were 0.07,0.61 and 0.71,respectively.The score of scale in children with injury was significantly higher than that in children without injury(P=0.022).Conclusion The validity and reliability of the environment scale for unintentional injury in the home for children aged 0-6 years old in the urban area of China are good.