2005—2018年中国5岁以下轮状病毒腹泻报告病例流行特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of report cases of rotavirus diarrhea in children under 5 years old in China,2005-2018

目的分析2005—2018年中国(不含中国香港、澳门和台湾数据,下同)5岁以下轮状病毒腹泻病例的流行特征及变化趋势。方法从传染病报告信息管理系统中下载2005—2018年中国其他感染性腹泻报告病例数据,提取、建立5岁以下轮状病毒腹泻报告病例数据库,用描述性流行病学方法分析其流行特征及变化趋势。结果2005—2018年共报告5岁以下儿童轮状病毒腹泻报告病例820588例,男性为500944例;年均报告发病率为63.7/10万,报告发病率从2005年的8.4/10万波动上升至2018年的178.1/10万;报告省份由17个增加到30个;发病高峰季节为11月至次年2月;<5月龄的儿童占13.1%(107845例),6月龄至2岁占70.3%(576874例),报告发病数高峰为11~13月龄儿童(163947例)。年均报告发病率前3位的省份分别为(535.2/10万)、广东(334.3/10万)和北京(317.3/10万);除西藏地区无报告外,报告发病率最低3个省份分别为山西(0.9/10万)、黑龙江(1.6/10万)和辽宁(2.5/10万);南方地区报告发病数(745526例)是北方(74935例)的9.9倍。检出轮状病毒与其他腹泻病原两种及以上同时感染的病例占1.8%(15030例),其中90.1%(13544例)是轮状病毒与腺病毒同时感染。结论我国5岁以下儿童自6月龄起轮状病毒感染率迅速上升,84.4%的报告病例为<2岁婴幼儿。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus in children under 5 years old in China(excluding China Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan data,the same below)from 2005 to 2018.Method Data on other infectious diarrhea in the country from 2005 to 2018 were downloaded from the National Notifiable Disease Report System was to build a database for report cases of rotavirus diarrhea in children under 5 years of age,and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data.Result In 2005-2018,a total of 820588 cases of rotavirus infection in children under 5 years old were reported nationwide,with male 500944 cases,and with an average annual incidence of 63.7/100000.The reported incidence showed a fluctuating upward trend increased from 8.4/100000 to 178.1/100000.The number of reporting provinces increased from 17 to 30.The reported incidence showed a peak of season from November to following February.The reported cases of rotavirus diarrhea in children under 5 months of age was 13.1%(107845 cases),and the high‐incidence age ranged from 6 months to 2 years old,accounting for 70.3%(576874 cases),with a peak of 11‐13 months(163947 cases).The top three provinces(cities)reporting the incidence rate were Zhejiang(535.2/100000),Guangdong(334.3/100000)and Beijing(317.3/100000),the provinces with the low reported case rates were Shanxi(0.9/100000),Heilongjiang(1.6/100000)and Liaoning(2.5/100000),but there was no case reported in Tibet;The report cases of south region(745526 cases)were 9.9 times north region(74935 cases).The cases of rotavirus infection and other diarrhea pathogens were detected simultaneously accounted for 1.8%(15030 cases)and mainly were positive for rotavirus and adenovirus(90.1%,13544 cases).Conclusion The rate of rotavirus infection in children has increased rapidly since the age of 6 months,and 84.4%of the reported cases were infants before the age of 2 years.