血液透析后疲乏循证健康教育的现况研究

Current status of evidence-based health education for postdialysis fatigue

目的调查血液透析室护士和患者在血液透析后疲乏(PDF)方面的健康教育现况与最佳证据之间的差距,找出问题并分析原因,为透析室护士今后临床护理决策提供参考和依据。方法通过全面检索循证指南网站、整合最佳证据,根据整合结果自制透析室护士和患者对血液透析后疲乏的健康知识问卷。采用目的抽样法,于2018年12月,选择北京中医药大学附属东直门医院透析室7名护士和56例患者进行调查。结果7名护士PDF知识问卷得分为(56.43±4.37)分,最高分64分,最低分51分,达标率为28.57%(2/7)。56例患者PDF知识问卷得分为(52.41±9.54)分,最高分为70分,最低分为20分,达标率为28.57%(16/56)。患者和护士接受的教育形式分别为口头宣教及科室小讲课,均无统一教育内容。结论血液透析室缺少统一科学的教育内容及规范化的教育形式,应对护士开展循证健康教育,提高护士和患者在该方面的认知,从而减轻患者疲乏情况。

Objective To investigate the gap between the health education and the best evidence among nurses and patients with postdialysis fatigue(PDF),find out the problems and analyze the reasons,and provide a reference and basis for future clinical nursing decisions among the dialysis room nurses.Methods By searching the evidence-based guideline websites and integrating the best evidence comprehensively,a health knowledge questionnaire for dialysis room nurses and patients with PDF was made.In December 2018,a total of 7 nurses and 56 patients in the dialysis room of Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine were selected by purpose sampling method,and they were investigated by the health knowledge questionnaire for dialysis room nurses and patients.Results The score of the PDF knowledge questionnaire for the 7 nurses was(56.43±4.37),with a highest score of 64 and a lowest score of 51,and the standard-reaching rate was 28.57%(2/7).The score of the PDF knowledge questionnaire for the 56 patients was(52.41±9.54),with a highest score of 70 and a lowest score of 20,and the standard-reaching rate was 28.57%(16/56).Patients and nurses received verbal health education and small lectures in the department,and there was no unified education content.Conclusions There is no unified and scientific education content nor standardized education model.Evidence-based health education should be carried out for nurses to improve the awareness of nurses and patients in this regard,thereby reducing patients'fatigue.