试析德国军医在青岛及其腹地的医疗实践和科学考察(1897-1914)

An Analysis on the Medical Practices and Scientific Investigations of German Military Doctors in Qingdao and Its Hinterland(1897-1914)

在德国占领胶澳租借地之初,驻军不断受到传染性疾病的威胁,胶澳总督府为此采取了一系列措施。德国军医在其中发挥了重要作用,他们不仅进行医疗实践,也从事科学研究工作。这些活动有效地改善了士兵的健康状况,丰富了德国学界的医学研究;同时也构成了德国殖民者和当地中国居民相互接触和联系的空间。在这个交往中,中西方的医学文化发生了碰撞:一方面,当地中国居民对西方现代医疗体系的态度有所转变,尽管传统的中医模式一直占据着主导地位;另一方面,德国军医也观察和了解当地的医疗卫生状况,并将关于中国医学的信息传播到了德国。

At the beginning of the occupation of Jiaozhou by Germany, the health of garrison soldiers was constantly threatened by infectious diseases. The government of Jiaozhou Leasehold took a series of measures. German military doctors played an important role in the development and implementation of these measures. They not only carried out medical practices,but also engaged in related scientific researches.These medical activities improved the health of soldiers,enriched the medical researches of the German academia;and made it possible to connect German colonists and local Chinese residents. In the process of the interaction,the Chinese and western medical cultures collided:on the one hand,the attitude of local Chinese residents toward the western medical system changed, though the traditional Chinese medicine still dominated in the local Chinese life;on the other hand,German military doctors observed the local medical treatment and spread the information to the German society.