大学女生篮球运动参与中的性别失衡与重构

Gender Imbalance and Reconstruction of College Female Students in Basketball Participation

体育参与中的两性平等和性别权利历来是学术界和女性主义关注的热点。本文基于女性批判主义理论,采用质性研究软件Nvivo11对70名高校女生的篮球运动参与史进行了回溯式和开放式访谈,聚焦于探讨制约女生篮球运动参与的性别权力是如何得以发生和动态变化的。研究认为,制约女生篮球运动参与的主要要素是社会建构的以“男性霸权”为中心的性别角色期许。基于此,提出促进高校女生体育参与的路径重构和依赖:在器物层面,坚持差异下的平等,对篮球规则和器材进行软式化改造,为女生积极参与篮球运动营造氛围并提供坚实的基础;坚持两性体育参与的平等性,强化同喻文化的开放性和积极性社会越轨;强化女生自我赋权,增强主体性别意识。

Gender equality and gender-based power distribution in sports participation have drawn lots of attention from academic circle and feminists.The dissertation,which is based on the theory of female criticism,uses the qualitative software Nvivo11 to conduct a retrospective and open interview amongst 70 female college students over their participation in basketball games and uncover how the gender-based power distribution,one of major obstacles detrimental to their access to basketball,comes into place and evolve.The study believes that the main factor restricting the participation of women in basketball is social expectations of two genders in a male-dominated society.Therefore,the secret of success to further promote the participation of women college students in basketball lies in the recognition of physical differences between two genders,the advocacy of gender equality,and the reform of basketball rules and relevant facilities,which are designed to create an atmosphere and provide a solid foundation for women to play basketball.In addition,efforts should be made in the adherence of gender equality in sports participation,the emphases of the functions exercised by sports in poverty alleviation,the positive dissemination of pre-figurative culture,and the enhancement of women’s self-empowerment as well as gender-based awareness.