人用狂犬病疫苗肌肉注射免疫程序研究进展

Advance in reseach on intramuscular immunization program for human rabies vaccine

狂犬病尚无有效治疗方法,其预防措施主要为暴露前或暴露后接种人用狂犬病疫苗。随着狂犬病疫苗生产工艺的发展,疫苗质量不断提高,其免疫程序也在不断改进。目前,国内普遍采用肌肉注射方法进行狂犬病疫苗接种,暴露前免疫程序为在第0、7、21或28天(0、7、21或28 d)各注射1剂疫苗;暴露后免疫程序为5针法和2-1-1法,再暴露免疫程序则根据第1次暴露后免疫后间隔时间的不同,接种不同剂次的疫苗。2018年《狂犬病疫苗:WHO立场文件》根据狂犬病研究的最新进展,对狂犬病暴露预防免疫程序进行了简化。本文将在新立场文件的基础上,对国内外狂犬病暴露预防处置程序研究进展进行总结,并就我国狂犬病疫苗免疫程序与新立场文件倡导的免疫程序间存在的差异及改进方案加以讨论。

There is no effective treatment for rabies,and its preventive measures are mainly vaccinated against human rabies before or after exposure.With the development of rabies vaccine production technology,the quality of vaccines has been continuously improved,and its immunization procedures have been continuously improved.At present,intramuscular injection is commonly used for rabies vaccination in China.The pre-exposure immunization program is one injection of the vaccine on day 0,7,21,or 28;the post-exposure immunization program is 5 The acupuncture method and the 2-1-1 method,and the re-exposure immunization program are inoculated with different doses of the vaccine according to the interval between immunizations after the first exposure.The 2018 Rabies Vaccine:WHO Position Paper simplifies rabies exposure prevention and immunization procedures based on recent advances in rabies research.Based on the new position paper,this article summarizes the research progress of rabies exposure prevention and treatment procedures at home and abroad,and discusses the differences between China's rabies vaccine immunization program and the immunization program advocated by the new position paper and the improvement plans.