侵犯公民个人信息罪的价值选择与认定

The value choice and cognizance of the crime of infringing upon citizens’personal information

侵犯公民个人信息罪的设立,较为有效地保护了公民的个人信息。随后最高人民法院会同最高人民检察院出台的相关司法解释及指导性案例,也为司法实践中正确处理此类案件提供了较为可行的操作标准。但由于本罪具有预防刑法的特性,对其理解与适用应进行合理限缩。在理解这一罪名时,应当以兼顾公民个人信息的保护与数据产业发展的平衡为价值指引,注意两高的相关解释与《网络安全法》的衔接。在侵犯公民个人信息罪的构成要件的具体涵摄中,应将相关信息豁免制度作为辅助性参考,正确认定阻却构成要件的情形。公民个人信息的内涵具有"可识别性",其范围包括身份识别信息和活动情况的信息,IP地址、Cookies等都可纳入,但在具体的认定上应当增加认定要素以限缩范围;作为构成要件要素的"国家有关规定"的范围应当限制为法律、行政法规,部门规章应当排除在外。

The crime of infringing upon citizens’ personal information is established,which effectively protects the citizens’personal information.The subsequent judicial interpretations and guiding cases issued by the Supreme People’s Court in conjunction with the Supreme People’s Procuratorate also provide a more feasible operational standard for the correct handling of such cases in judicial practice.However,as this crime has the characteristics of preventive criminal law,its understanding and application should be reasonably limited.In understanding this crime,we should take the balance between the protection of citizens’personal information and the development of data industry as the value guide,and pay attention to the connection between the two interpretations and The Network Security Law.In the concrete content of the constitutive elements of the crime of infringing upon the citizen’s personal information,the relevant information exemption system should be taken as an auxiliary reference to correctly identify the situation of obstructing the constitutive elements.The connotation of citizens’personal information is"identifiable",and its scope includes identification information and activity information,IP address,cookies and so on.However,in terms of specific identification,identification elements should be added to limit the scope.The scope of"relevant provisions of the state"as a constituent element should be limited to laws and administrative regulations,and departmental rules should be excluded.