20世纪太湖流域水乡环境改造与消灭血吸虫病

Environmental Transformation and Elimination of Schistosomiasis in Taihu Lake Basin in the 20th Century

20世纪前半期,对于江南地区最显著的地方病——血吸虫病,国民政府虽然也投入了大量医疗力量调查各地发病状况和救治病人,对该疾病的认识逐渐科学化,但由于政府社会动员能力有限,血吸虫病发病率和流行地区不断扩张。20世纪50年代以后,在政府强大的社会管理和动员力量之下,江南各地通过持续不断的消灭钉螺和治理湿地运动,血吸虫病孳生环境得到极大遏制,许多地区暂时出现血吸虫病休眠期,传播蔓延基本得到控制。通过这一时期大力度的消灭湿地运动,加上农业围垦的规模化开展,太湖流域湿地环境日益转向旱地化,水系结构出现再分配。地理环境演化加快,成为工业化时期高生产率和健康医疗水平提高的伴生效应。

In the first half of the twentieth century,the most significant endemic disease in regions south of the Yangtze River was schistosomiasis.Although the government had invested a lot of medical strength to investigate the incidence and treatment of the disease,the knowledge of the disease being gradually scientific,however,due to the limited social mobilization capability of the government,the incidence rate and prevalence area of schistosomiasis were both expanding.After the 1950s,under the strong social management and mobilization capability of the government,the breeding environment of schistosomiasis was greatly curbed through the continuous campaigns of eliminating oncomelania and controlling wetlands in various regions south of the Yangtze River.During this period,the wetland environment in Taihu Lake Basin turned to dryland increasingly,and the water system structure got redistributed.The rapid evolution of geographical environment has become a concomitant effect of high productivity and the improvement of health care level in the period of industrialization.