华洋杂处下的西津渡:19世纪京口江岸区域的社会秩序

Xijin Ferry Under A Mixed Society of Chinese and Foreigners: the Social Order of Riverbank Area of Jingkou in 19th Century

镇江城地处长江运河之交,其江岸区域的发展深受长江、运河物流格局的影响。唐宋以后,江岸区域逐渐形成“东港西渡”的空间分布格局,东面作为运河入江口的大、小京口主要用以停泊漕艘商船,西津渡则主要用以摆渡商民渡江。第一次鸦片战争和太平天国运动极大改变了镇江江岸既有的空间格局及其原有职能。《天津条约》签订后,镇江作为上海之外长江流域的另一个开放口岸,其江岸区域的职能与空间格局迎来了一个重塑的契机,“东港西渡”的旧有格局被一体化的江岸发展趋势所取代。在有限的江岸空间内,华洋、官民之间冲突不断,进而导致江岸区域社会秩序的重组。

Zhenjiang is located at the turn of the Yangtze and the Grand Canal,therefore the development of its riverbank area is deeply affected by the trade pattern of the Yangtze River and the Grand Canal.In the traditional period,the riverbank area gradually formed a spatial distribution pattern of“East Port and West Ferry”.In 1858,with the signing of the Tianjin Treaty,the Yangtze River Basin directly participated in the trade between China and the West,and the functions and spatial patterns of the Zhenjiang riverbank changed qualitatively.The commercial community of Chinese and foreign coexistence replace the traditional spatial pattern of“East Port and West Ferry”.In the limited riverbank space,the increase in population and the frequent modern economic activities have caused conflicts between Chinese and foreign,officials and people.Various reasons not merely lead to disputes and contention,but a restructuring of the social order of the riverbank area.