基于肝脏微结构的猪肝祛毒方法的建立和祛毒猪肝食品的初步研发

ESTABLISHMENT OF A NOVEL PORK LIVER TOXIN-REMOVING METHOD BASED ON LIVER MICROSTRUCTURE AND PRELIMINARY DEVELOPMENT OF DETOXIFIED PORK LIVER FOOD

目的探讨肝脏灌注方法用于生鲜猪肝祛毒的有效性和可行性,从而研发安全健康的祛毒猪肝系列食品。方法将传统浸泡祛毒法处理的猪肝与灌注祛毒法处理的猪肝进行比较,利用肝脏微结构切片与微结构三维重建观察祛毒效果,并利用感官品质评价方法对两种猪肝进行评估;用灌注祛毒猪肝加工无淀粉猪肝火腿和维也纳猪肝香肠两款即食猪肝产品,并评估产品的感官品质;新冠肺炎疫情期间,两款即食猪肝产品被送往武汉为医护人员增加膳食营养,并同时进行了产品问卷调查。结果通过对猪肝肝小叶微结构三维重建图像观察,灌注清洗能够有效清除猪肝肝血窦内含有内毒素的血液等杂质。经灌注祛毒的猪肝在色泽、软硬度和腥味这三个方面均有极为显著的改善。调查问卷结果显示,97%医护人员和普通人群认为两款猪肝产品口感好。结论灌注清洗是生鲜猪肝祛毒的有效方法之一,利用祛毒猪肝可以加工不同种类的营养食品。

Objective To explore the effectiveness and feasibility of liver perfusion method to remove toxin from fresh pork liver,and to develop safe and healthy detoxified pork liver foods.Methods A comparative study was performed on the pork liver detoxified using the traditional soaking method versus the perfusion method.The toxin-removing efficacy was evaluated by observing liver microstructure through liver slices and three-dimensional(3D)reconstructed images,and the pork liver treated using the two methods was assessed by sensory quality evaluation.The pork liver detoxified using the perfusion method was processed to produce starch-free pork liver ham and pork liver Vienna sausage,and their sensory quality was assessed.During the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019,the two ready-to-eat pork liver products were sent to Wuhan to increase dietary nutrition for medical staff,and a product questionnaire survey was carried out.Results The observation of pork liver lobule microstructure by 3D reconstruction showed that the perfusion method could effectively remove the blood that contains endotoxins and other impurities from the porcine hepatic sinusoid.The fresh pork liver detoxified using the perfusion method showed significant improvements in color,hardness,and smell.According to the results of questionnaire survey,97%of the medical staff and the general population thought that the two pork liver products had good taste.Conclusion The perfusion method is one of the effective methods to remove toxins from fresh pork liver.The detoxified pork liver can be processed to produce different nutritious foods.