基于RSEI的福州旗山国家森林公园生态环境质量变化研究

Eco-Environmental Quality Change of Qishan National Forest Park in Fuzhou Based on RSEI

随着生态旅游的兴起,城郊型森林公园作为城市生态系统中的大型绿色斑块,对城市的生态环境起到重要调节作用,其本身的生态环境质量问题也值得关注。本文以福州旗山国家森林公园生态环境质量变化为例,通过2009年、2014年及2018年的Landsat系列影像提取的遥感生态指数(RSEI),分析近十年来福州旗山国家森林公园生态环境质量的时空变化特征及变化原因,结果表明,(1)2009~2018年间,福州旗山国家森林公园的RSEI值依次为0.1889、0.2516、0.2281,其生态环境质量总体呈现先变差,后变好的"U"型趋势;(2)根据游客活动空间分布,将森林公园环境划分为综合环境区域与自然环境区域,综合环境区域的生态环境质量相对较差,与景区建设、游客活动和森林砍伐相关;(3)由于山形地势与人工干扰的原因,人文景点对生态环境质量的影响程度和影响范围均大于自然景点,其中人文景点的影响范围约240 m,自然景点约60~180 m。

With the prosperity of ecotourism, suburban forest park as a large green patch in urban ecosystem plays an important role in regulating urban ecological environment, and its own ecological environment quality problem is also worthy of attention. Taking the change of ecological environment quality in Qishan National Forest Park in Fuzhou as an example, this paper analyzes the spatial and temporal change characteristics and causes of ecological environment quality in this area in recent ten years by remote sensing ecological index(RSEI) extracted from Landsat series of images in 2009, 2014 and 2018. The results show that,(1) Between 2009 and 2018,the RSEI value of Fuzhou Qishan National Forest Park were0.1889, 0.2516 and 0.2281, respectively. The trend of the quality of ecological environment showed an "U" shape which in general became worse at first, then improved.(2) According to the spatial distribution of tourist activities, the environment of the forest park was divided into comprehensive environment area and natural environment area. The quality of ecological in comprehensive environment area is worse than in natural environment area, which is related to scenic spot construction,tourist activities and deforestation;(3) Because of the mountain topography and artificial interference, the influence degree and the influence range of the humanistic scenic spots on the ecological environment quality are larger than that of natural scenic spots, the influence range of human scenic spots is about 240 m, and that of natural scenic spots is about 60 m/180 m.