《吕氏春秋》的官德修养及其当代启示

The Official Morality Cultivation in Lv’s Spring and Autumn Annals and Its Contemporary Enlightenment

《吕氏春秋》是一部集先秦文化之大成的杂家著作,其中关于官德修养的论述颇具特色,是一种对人的身体和精神同等关照的修养观念,既秉承了道家的返朴归真、少私寡欲、注重养生的思想,又吸取了儒家民本、仁爱、诚信等思想,包括"以道为宗"的道德修养准则、"贵公去私"的道德修养内涵、"自知贵直"的道德修养方法等丰富论断。就当代启示而言,"道"这一形式性至善原则,可以避免任何具体的善作为至善所可能带来的善的暴政;"贵公去私"的修养内涵是治理官员腐败的精神方剂;而"自知贵直"则为官员道德建设提供有效的方式方法。

Lv’s Spring and Autumn Annals is a great collection of miscellaneous works of pre-Qin culture,in which the view on the cultivation of official morality is quite characteristic,for it is a kind of cultivation concept that takes equal care of human body and spirit.It not only inherits the Taoist ideas of returning to simplicity and truth,less selfishness and less desire for personal gain as well as heeding healthcare,but also absorbs such Confucian ideas of people-orientedness,benevolence and integrity,including such significant views as the moral cultivation principle of"taking Taoism as the cardinal principle",the moral cultivation connotation of"valuing the public and sacrificing the seif",and the moral cultivation method of"upholding self-awareness and explicit criticism"and so on.As far as contemporary enlightenment is concerned,"Tao",the principle of formal perfection,can avoid the tyranny of goodness which may be brought by any concrete goodness as perfection;and the connotation of"valuing the public and sacrificing the self"is a spiritual prescription to control official corruption;while"upholding self-awareness and explicit criticism"can provide effective methods for official moral construction.