老龄社会背景下不同学历护理实习生死亡焦虑水平的调查研究

Investigation on death anxiety of nursing interns with different educational level under the background of aging society

目的调查不同学历护理专业实习生死亡焦虑水平。方法选取2018年1~6月肇庆医学高等专科学校已经完成6~7个月实习并自愿参加本研究的全日制护理专业实习生1053名,按照学历层次分为两组,其中高职组503名,中职组550名。应用中文版死亡焦虑量表(T-DAS)对两组进行死亡焦虑调查。结果高职组死亡焦虑评分高于中职组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高职组高死亡焦虑人数高于中职组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组组内不同接触死亡频次比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高职组从未接触或经常接触死亡的死亡焦虑评分高于中职组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组偶尔接触死亡的死亡焦虑评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。学历层次、学历层次与实习接触死亡频次的交互作用对护生的死亡焦虑水平有影响(P<0.05)。结论考虑护理实习生死亡焦虑得分较高,并且实习接触死亡的频次与不同学历层次相互之间对实习护生死亡焦虑水平的影响存在交互作用,建议护理教育者和临床带教教师需要结合不同层次护生的特点,在实习的不同时期开展有针对性的死亡教育,改善护生的死亡焦虑水平。

Objective To investigate the death anxiety of nursing interns with different educational level.Methods From January to June 2018,1053 full-time vocational nursing interns who had completed 6-7 months of internship and volunteered to participate in this study in Zhaoqing Medical College were selected.According to the educational level,they were devided into two groups,including 503 interns in higher vocational group and 550 interns in secondary vocational group.The Chinese Templer death anxiety scale(T-DAS)was used to investigate the death anxiety in two groups.Results The scores of death anxiety of higher vocational group were higher than those of secondary vocational group(P<0.05).The number of high death anxiety level of higher vocational group were higher than those of secondary vocational group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in the frequency of death from practice exposure(P>0.05).The death anxiety scores of never or often come into contact with death in higher vocational group were higher than those in secondary vocational group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in death anxiety scores of occasional come into contact with death between the two groups(P>0.05).Educational levels and the interaction between different educational levels and death frequency in practice exposure had an impact on the death anxiety level of nursing students(P<0.05).Conclusion Considering the high score of death anxiety of nursing interns,and the interaction between the frequency of practice contact death and different educational levels on the death anxiety level of nursing students,it is suggested that nursing educators and the clinical teaching teachers should combine the characteristics of nursing students at different levels to carry out targeted death education in different periods of practice as to improve the level of death anxiety of nursing students.