近亲属为主导的情景训练对精神发育迟缓病儿心理、智能及运动功能的影响:一项随机对照研究

Effects of family led situational training on mentality,brainpower and motor function in children with mental retardation:a randomized controlled trial

目的分析近亲属为主导的情景训练对精神发育迟缓(MR)病儿心理功能、智力发育及运动功能的影响。方法选取2015年2月至2018年1月贵港市人民医院收治的84例MR病儿,按照简单随机法分为两组,对照组(42例)实施常规综合康复训练,观察组(42例)实施以近亲属为主导的情景训练,两组均干预7个月,对比两组智力发育指标[中国韦氏婴幼儿及儿童智力量表智商指数(IQ)、儿童适应行为评定量表适应行为商数(ADQ)]优良率、粗大运动功能评估表(GMFM 88)评分、0~6岁儿童神经心理发育量表评分、病儿近亲属亲职压力指标简表(PSI SF)评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分及病儿近亲属满意度。结果观察组IQ、ADQ优良率分别为90.48%、92.86%,高于对照组69.05%、66.67%(P<0.05);观察组干预后GMFM 88评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组干预后0~6岁儿童神经心理发育量表评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组干预后PSI SF(41.12±6.88)、HAMA(13.02±2.25)评分低于对照组(53.74±8.26)、(17.35±2.19)分(P<0.05);观察组病儿近亲属满意度92.86%高于对照组69.05%(P<0.05)。结论以近亲属为主导的情景训练能改善MR病儿智力发育情况与心理功能,提高病儿运动功能,改善病儿近亲属心理状态,减轻近亲属亲职压力,提高近亲属满意度,应用价值较高。

Objective To analyze the effects of family dominated situational training on mental function,mental development and motor function in children with mental retardation(MR).Methods Eighty four MR children who admitted to Guigang People’s Hospital from February 2015 to January 2018 were enrolled.According to the simple random method,they were assigned into two groups.The control group(42 cases)was given routine comprehensive rehabilitation training,while the observation group(42 cas es)was implemented family led situational training,both groups were intervened for 7 months,the intelligence development indica tors[China Wechsler Infants and Children Intelligence Scale IQ(IQ),Children’s Adaptive Behavior Rating Scale Adaptation Be havior Quotient(ADQ)]excellent rate,gross motor function evaluation form(GMFM 88)score,neurological development scale score of children aged 0 6 years,family member’s parental stress index profile(PSI SF)score,Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)score and family satisfaction of the child were compared between the two groups.Results The excellent and good rate of IQ and ADQ in the observation group were 90.48% and 92.86%,which were higher than 69.05%and 66.67%of the control group(P<0.05).The GMFM 88 score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The neuropsychological de velopment scale scores of children aged 0 6 years after group intervention was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The PSI SF(41.12±6.88)and HAMA scores(13.02±2.25)of the observation group were lower than(53.74±8.26)and(17.35±2.19)of the control group(P<0.05).The degree of satisfaction of near relatives in the observation group was 92.86%,which was higher than69.05%of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Family oriented situational training can improve the mental development and psychological function of children with MR,improve the motor function of children,improve the psychological status of family members,reduce the pressure of family members,improve the satisfaction of family members,and have higher application value.