间充质干细胞在再生障碍性贫血治疗中的研究进展

Research progress of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of aplastic anemia

再生障碍性贫血(Aplastic anemia,AA)造血活性显著降低,通常归因于骨髓中造血干细胞(Hematopoietic stem cells,HSCs)的衰竭。造血调控依赖于HSCs与骨髓(Bone marrow,BM)微环境中各种细胞的相互作用,包括骨髓间充质基质细胞(Mesenchymal stromal cells,MSCs)。研究表明再生障碍性贫血MSCs的生物学特性与对照组MSCs不同,其体外造血支持能力明显降低。AA不及时治疗,最终是致死性的,目前造血干细胞移植仍然是根治的主要方法,但存在一系列难题。间充质干细胞(Mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)调节免疫应答;维持造血微环境;产生多种细胞因子;在造血干细胞(HSCs)的增殖中起重要的作用。MSCs已被证明是安全可行的,具有良好的细胞治疗前景,但仍有一些困难有待解决。深入了解AA发病机制和MSCs生物学特性,有望为治疗再障寻找新的契机和靶点。

Aplastic anemia(AA)has a markedly reduced hematopoietic activity and is usually attributed to the failure of hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)in the bone marrow.Hematopoietic regulation relies on the interaction of HSCs with various cells in the bone marrow(Bone marrow BM)microenvironment,including bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs).Studies have shown that the biological characteristics of aplastic anemia MSCs are different from those of the control group MSCs,and their in vitro hematopoietic support ability is significantly reduced.AA is not treated in time and is ultimately fatal.At present,hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is still the main method of radical cure,but there are a series of problems.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)regulate the immune response,maintain the hematopoietic microenvironment,produce a variety of cytokines,and play an important role in the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs).MSCs have been proven to be safe and feasible with good prospects for cell therapy,but there are still some difficulties to be resolved.An in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of AA and the biological characteristics of MSCs is expected to find new opportunities and targets for the treatment of aplastic anemia.