公共开放空间、身体活动与大众健康:理念、方法与进展

Public Open Space,Physical Activity and Public Health:Idea,Method and Progress

公共开放空间是鼓励使用者进行身体活动的重要建成环境。伴随城镇化进程,公共开放空间资源日益稀缺,给大众身体活动与身心健康带来一定的负面影响。为应对这一严峻问题,联合国和世界卫生组织积极倡导创建包容、安全、绿色的城市公共空间。欧美各国相继于19世纪下半叶开展了城市公园运动,并在之后将包括城市公园在内的公共开放空间作为实现城市可持续健康发展的工具之一,且陆续出台公共开放空间发展战略。尽管如此,有证据显示,并非所有的公共开放空间都会对使用者的身体活动产生积极影响,现有依据的矛盾和不足阻碍了公共开放空间规划设计者们的脚步。本研究目的在于明确公共开放空间的主要概念与分类、梳理探索其与大众身体活动与健康的关联,并明晰可能导致公共开放空间与使用者身体活动无关联的方法问题,进一步推动公共开放空间的理论与实践发展,促进大众身体活动开展,助力健康中国建设。

Public open space is the important built environment for users and encourages them to carry out physical activities. With the urbanization process, public open space resources are increasingly scarce bringing negative impacts to public physical activity and physical and mental health. To deal with this serious problem, the United Nations and the World Health Organization actively advocate the creation of inclusive, safe and green urban public space. Since the second half of the nineteenth century, European and American countries have launched urban park movement. Since then the public open space has become one of the tools to achieve sustainable and healthy urban development, and the public open space development strategies have been issued one after another. However, some evidences show that not all public open spaces have positive impacts on users’ physical activities. Contradictions and lack of evidence hinder public open space planners and designers. The purpose of this study is to clarify the main concepts and classifications of public open space, to sort out and explore its relationship with public physical activity and health, and to make clear the methodological issues that may lead to the unrelated relationship between public open space and users’ physical activities, to further promote theory and practice of public open space, then to promote the public body and build healthy China.