Majorana准粒子与超导体-半导体异质纳米线

Majorana quasi-particles and superconductor-semiconductor hybrid nanowires

Majorana准粒子是凝聚态物理版本的Majorana费米子.由于Majorana准粒子间的交换操作服从非阿贝尔统计,并基于此可构建更稳定的量子计算机,近年来在凝聚态物理界引起广泛关注.为帮助初学者快速理解Majorana准粒子的形成机理,本文回顾了在一维超导体-半导体异质纳米线系统中Majorana准粒子模型的提出和理论演化过程,介绍Kitaev链模型并分析了模型中各要素所起的作用.还介绍了典型Majorana器件的构成和测量方法,并结合最新的实验进展对探测到的零能电导峰进行了分析和述评.最后对超越一维系统的超导体-半导体异质系统的实验前景进行了展望.

Majorana fermions are known for being their own anti-particles.As the condensed matter version of Majorana fermions,Majorana quasiparticles have drawn extensive interests for being an ideal candidate for building a fault-tolerant quantum computer,due to their non-abelian statistics.This paper provides an introduction for beginners to the rapidly growing research field of Majorana quasiparticles focusing on one dimensional semiconductor nanowire-superconductor hybrid system.We aim to help readers to quickly understand Majorana quasiparticles and its formation mechanism and the latest experimental results.We first review the theoretical model of the Majorana quasiparticles with its historical background.We then discuss the Kitaev chain and analyze its key elements.We also introduce typical Majorana devices and their corresponding measurement methods.Furthermore,we discuss the observation of robust signatures of Majorana zero modes in recent experiments,with particular attention to tunneling conductance measurements.Finally,we give prospects on future experiments for advancing one dimensional semiconductor nanowire-superconductor hybrid system.