突发事件中医疗救援队伍的全方位心理支持措施

Psychological Support for Medical Rescue Teams in Emergencies

突发事件是指包含自然灾害、公共卫生事件等在内的造成严重社会危害,需要应急应对的事件.医疗救援队伍是突发事件的主力救援队伍,他们在进行救援任务的同时,由于救援环境不适应,防护物资不足、过度工作等原因,身心都承受着巨大的压力,常出现恐惧、紧张、焦虑、悲观、自责,甚至出现急性应激障碍.若得不到及时有效的心理支持,在事件结束后仍会遗留如创伤后应激障碍等长期的心理问题.全方位的心理支持包括救援全程的心理测量,救援前的队伍组建和详尽的心理支持干预培训,救援期间的自我放松、基本的生活和安全保障、药物治疗、在线心理援助和救援后的撤离应激源、重建生活方式等.

Emergencies refer to those events that cause serious social harm,including natural disasters and public health events,and require emergency response.Medical rescue team is the main emergency rescue team.While carrying out the rescue mission,they are under great pressure both physically and mentally due to the unadaptability of the rescue environment,the lack of protective materials,overwork and other reasons,often resulting in fear,tension,anxiety,pessimism,self-blame and even acute stress disorder.Without timely and effective psychological support,long-term psychological problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder will remain after the event.Comprehensive psychological support includes psychological measurement of the whole rescue process,team formation before rescue and detailed psychological support intervention training,self-relaxation during rescue,basic life and safety guarantee,drug treatment,online psychological assistance,withdrawal of stressors after rescue and lifestyle reconstruction.