任意构型传声器阵列声源定位方法

A Sound Source Localization Method for Microphone Array with Arbitrary Configuration

针对飞机结构静力/疲劳试验中,通过准确定位结构异常声响及时发现结构损伤的实际需求,结合试验现场设备多、环境复杂的特点,提出了考虑复杂应用环境的任意构型传声器阵列声源定位方法。该方法首先通过任意布设传声器获取已知坐标的声源信号,建立传声器坐标标定方程组,采用优化算法进行方程组求解,确定任意布设传声器的空间坐标;随后,将广义互相关法和信号端点检测法相结合计算不同传声器之间的时差,实现声源定位。在此基础上,建立了一套声源定位流程。对该方法进行了试验验证,结果表明:该方法能够在传声器任意布设的情况下,实现声源的空间定位;传声器的空间坐标标定误差为毫米级,声源定位误差为厘米级,达到了飞机结构静力/疲劳试验中异常声源定位的精度要求;与现有的声源定位方法相比,该方法能够实现根据试验现场具体情况任意布设传声器,更加适用于飞机结构静力/疲劳试验复杂环境下的异常声响定位。

It is significant to locate abnormal sound rapidly and accurately in aircraft structure static/fatigue test for structural damage detection.A sound source localization method for microphone array with arbitrary configuration is presented considering complicated environment of aircraft structure static/fatigue test.The method obtains a sound source signal with known coordinates by microphones with arbitrary configuration,and the calibration equations of microphone coordinates are established and solved by an optimization method to determine microphone positions with arbitrary configuration.A generalized cross-correlation method combined with the signal endpoint detection method on the basis of the time delay of arrival(TDOA)algorithm is employed to reduce TDOA error from different microphones,and a sound source localization technological process is built.The method is validated by locating three sound sources in laboratory environment.Results show that sound source localization is realized by the method even when microphones are arrayed arbitrarily.The calibration accuracy of microphone position coordinates is at millimeter-level,and the accuracy of sound source localization is at centimeter-level.The results meet the accuracy level requirement of sound source localization in complex environment of aircraft structure static/fatigue test.Compared with the existing sound source localization method,the proposed method can realize arbitrary configuration of microphones according to the environment,and is more suitable to sound source localization in complicated environment of aircraft structure static/fatigue test.