劳动力市场多重分割下的城乡劳动力工资差异及其分解

The gap and decomposition of urban-rural wage in multiple segmented labor market

文章主要回答多重分割下的劳动力市场城乡户籍劳动者工资差异问题。采用CFPS2014基线调查数据,基于Neumark和Brown分解方法,考察中国劳动力市场多重分割下城乡户籍劳动者的工资差异及其原因。结果表明,中国行业、所有制、职业与区域城市劳动者的工资水平明显高于农村劳动者;Neumark分解的结果表明,城乡户籍劳动者工资差异的82. 24%是由劳动者个体特征引起的,教育水平的差异是引致城乡劳动者工资差异的主要原因;还有17. 76%的差异由户籍歧视造成。进一步Brown分解显示,无论在行业、所有制、职业及区域分割下,就业机会差异均不是导致城乡户籍劳动者工资差异的主要原因,部门内部城乡户籍劳动者同工却不同酬是户籍歧视的主要原因。文章在两个方面丰富了现有研究:利用Neumark和Brown等多种工资分解方法深入分析劳动力市场多重分割对城乡工资差异的影响,从劳动者个体特征和市场歧视两个视角为城乡户籍劳动者工资收入差异的特征事实提供了一个新的解释;采用微观数据考察城乡劳动者工资差异,更加深入揭示中国劳动力市场多重分割背景下城乡户籍劳动者工资的微观差异,为劳动力市场多重分割对城乡户籍劳动者工资差异的影响提供了最直接的经验证据。

This article mainly answers the issue of the wage gap between urban and rural workers under multiple segmented labor market. Based on the baseline survey data of CFPS2014 and the Neumark and Brown decomposition methods,this study examines the wage gap and causes of urban-rural workers under multiple segmented labor market in China. As a result,it is found that wages in China ’s industry,ownership,occupation,and local urban workers are significantly higher than rural workers;Neumark’s decomposition results show that 82. 24% of urban-rural workers wage gap are caused by the individual characteristics,among which education is the main cause of labor wage gap,and 17. 76% is caused by huji discrimination;Brown’s decomposition shows that,regardless of industry,ownership,occupation,and regional division,the employment opportunity difference is not the main cause of urban-rural workers wage gap. What same work with different pay is the main reason for huji discrimination. This paper enriches the existing research in the following aspects: 1) Using the Neumark and Brown decomposition methods to deeply analyze the impact of labor market multi-segmentation on urban-rural wage gap, from the perspective of individual labor characteristics and market discrimination for urban-rural workers. 2) This paper uses micro data to investigate the difference between urban and rural workers’ wages. It provides the most direct evidence for the impact of multiple segmentation of labor market on the wage difference of urban and rural household labor.