新高考选考科目分数合成的现状与改进途径

The Score Summation of the Optional Subjects in National College Entrance Examination:Current status and improving approaches

在新一轮考试招生制度改革中,选考科目的设置是一项重要举措,备受各界关注。为了更好地进行新高考选考改革,我们梳理新高考考试改革的相关政策,分析新高考选考政策的制度优势,从合格考分数利用、等级考试分数转换、等级考科目成绩之间的可比性、“一年多考”分数计算以及分数合成等方面,探讨选考科目的分数计算与合成存在的问题与挑战。为此,参考测量学理论与美、英、法、澳等国家的相关经验,提出可以通过建立能力水平通用量尺以及优化分数合成方法和招生方案,对新高考选考科目分数合成与计算的方法进行改进。具体做法是建立能力水平通用量尺,借助合格考预测考生总体在等级考科目上的成绩分布,借助高考必考科目校正等级考科目成绩;通过采用加权相加的方式计算总成绩,采用连续栏栅的方式进行招生录取,以达到优化分数合成方法和招生方案的目标。

The new round of reform in the National College Entrance Examination(NCEE)is featured with the setting of optional subjects,which has attracted wide attention from the public.This paper reviews the relevant reform policies,analyzes the advantages of the NCEE reform policy,and discusses the problems and challenges in the calculation and synthesis of the scores of the selected subjects from various aspects,including the utilization of qualification test score,the conversion of level examination score,the comparability of level examination score,score scaling of“more than one test per year”and score summation.By taking references from psychometric theories and the international experience of the US,the UK,France,Australia and other countries,the researchers suggest that the score summation and calculation of the NCEE subjects can be improved by scaling the examinees’ability level,and optimizing the score summation method and enrollment scheme.To be precise,it is advisable to set up universal scale for capability level to predict the overall score distribution of subjects in the level examination by consulting their scores in the qualification examination,and to correct the level examination results by consulting the scores of compulsory subjects in the NCEE.Meanwhile,it is also suggested to calculate the total score by setting weights to optional subject scores and enroll students by the“continuous fence”principle in order to realize the aim of optimizing the score summation method and enrollment scheme.